پاورپوینت Gasoline & TEL Replacing Additives In Gasoline

پاورپوینت Gasoline & TEL Replacing Additives In Gasoline

Gasoline & TEL Replacing Additives In Gasoline

Contents

Introduction

How lead increases the octane degree?

What is the problem of TEL ?

RFG

TEL substitutes-(Oxygenates): ØMTBE ØETBE ØEthanol

Chemical & physical properties of oxygenates

Introduction

Fuel is combination of different hydrocarbons most of which is comprised of Alkanes. Some hydrocarbons (heptanes) combine with oxygen and burn prior to ignition thus cause:

uShock to engine vDecrease the engine yield wProduce noises like knocking

The octane number of gasoline is the percentage of iso-octane in normal-heptane so the more the proportion of iso-octane is the more calm burning percentage.

How lead increases the octane degree?

•It was discovered in 1992 that if tetraethyl lead is added to fuel the lead and lead oxide (PbO) particles are produced during combustion increasing the octane number causes the gasoline to burn calm and soft and prevent strokes.

•In tetraethyl lead one lead atom is encompassed by 4 Ethyl groups in a tetrahedron coordination. The C-Pb joint is too weak and will easily break by heat creates lead and C2H5 radicals and the combustion process continues with radical reactions.